Glossary Pilgrim Church

Glossary

in·ter·course (în¹ter-kôrs´, -kors´) noun
1. Dealings or communications between persons or groups.

[Middle English entercours, commercial dealings, from Old French entrecours, from Latin intercursus, a running between, interposition, from past participle of intercurrere, to mingle with : inter-, inter- + currere, to run.] The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition is licensed from Houghton Mifflin Company. Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Selected Illustrations from the Concise Columbia Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1991 by Columbia University Press.
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Benedict: Benedictines

monks of the Roman Catholic Church following the rule of St. BENEDICT [Lat. abbr., = O.S.B.]. Unlike earlier groups, they stress moderation rather than austerity. Their waking hours are spent in worship and work, chiefly manual labor. The first Benedictine abbey was at Monte Cassino (founded c.529), Italy. Benedictines such as St. GREGORY I, St. AUGUSTINE OF CANTERBURY, and St. BONIFACE spread the order's influence across Europe. The Cluniac and the Cistercian orders resulted from 10th- and 11th-cent. reforms among the Benedictines. The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia is licensed from Columbia University Press. Copyright © 1991 by Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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Teutonic:

Teu·ton (t¡t¹n, ty¡t¹n) noun
Abbr. Teut.
1. A member of an ancient people, probably of Germanic or Celtic origin, who lived in Jutland until about 100 B.C.
2. A member of any of the peoples speaking a Germanic language, especially a German.

[Latin Teutonì, Teutons.]

Jut·land (jùt¹lend)
A peninsula of northern Europe comprising mainland Denmark and northern Germany. The name is usually applied only to the Danish section of the peninsula. The largest naval battle of World War I was fought by British and German fleets off the western coast of Jutland on May 31-June 1, 1916. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition is licensed from Houghton Mifflin Company. Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Selected Illustrations from the Concise Columbia Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1991 by Columbia University Press.
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Augustine: Augustine, St ?–605 first archbishop of Canterbury, England. He was sent from Rome to convert England to Christianity by Pope Gregory I. He landed at Ebbsfleet in Kent 597 and soon after baptized Ethelbert, King of Kent, along with many of his subjects. He was consecrated bishop of the English at Arles in the same year, and appointed archbishop 601, establishing his see at Canterbury. Feast day 26 May.
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Neo-Platonism: Ne·o-Pla·to·nism also Ne·o·pla·to·nism (nê´o-plât¹n-îz´em) noun
1. A philosophical system developed at Alexandria in the third century A.D. by Plotinus and his successors. It is based on Platonism with elements of mysticism and some Judaic and Christian concepts and posits a single source from which all existence emanates and with which an individual soul can be mystically united.

2. A revival of Neo-Platonism or a system derived from it, as in the Middle Ages.
— Ne´o-Pla·ton¹ic (-ple-tòn¹îk) adjective
— Ne´o-Pla¹to·nist noun
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Caesaraugusta (Saragossa):
A city of northeast Spain on the Ebro River northeast of Madrid. An important city under Roman rule, it was held by the Moors from 713 until 1118. Population, 601,235.
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Lusitania: Lu·si·ta·ni·a (l¡´sî-tâ¹nê-e)
An ancient region and Roman province of the Iberian Peninsula. It corresponded roughly to modern-day Portugal.
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Uncial: un·cial also Un·cial (ùn¹shel, -sê-el) adjective
of or relating to a style of writing characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters and found especially in Greek and Latin manuscripts (see also Mss MS) of the fourth to the eighth century A.D.

noun
1. A style of writing characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters. It provided the model from which most of the capital letters in the modern Latin alphabet are derived.

2. A capital letter written in this style.

[From Late Latin unciâlês (litterae), inch-high (letters), uncials, pl. of Latin unciâlis, inch-high, from uncia, a twelfth part, ounce, inch.]
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Mss: man·u·script (màn¹ye-skrîpt´) noun
Abbr. MS., MS, ms., ms
1. A book, document, or other composition written by hand.
2. A typewritten or handwritten version of a book, an article, a document, or other work, especially the author's own copy, prepared and submitted for publication in print.
3. Handwriting.

noun, attributive

often used to modify another noun: manuscript delivery; manuscript editing.

[From Medieval Latin manúscrìptum, from neuter of manúscrìptus, handwritten : Latin manú, ablative of manus, hand + Latin scrìptus, past participle of scrìbere, to write.]
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Calumniated: ca·lum·ni·ate (ke-lùm¹nê-ât´) verb, transitive
ca·lum·ni·at·ed, ca·lum·ni·at·ing, ca·lum·ni·ates
To make maliciously or knowingly false statements about. See Synonyms at malign.

[Latin calumniârì, calumniât-, from calumnia, calumny. See calumny.]

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Selected Illustrations from the Concise Columbia Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1991 by Columbia University Press.
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Lord's Supper: Eu·cha·rist (y¡¹ker-îst) noun
1. a. A sacrament and the central act of worship in many Christian churches, which was instituted at the Last Supper and in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed in remembrance of Jesus's death; Communion. b. The consecrated elements of this rite; Communion.

[Middle English eukarist, from Old French eucariste, from Late Latin eucharistia, from Greek eukharistia, from eukharistos, grateful, thankful : eu-, eu- + kharizesthai, to show favor (from kharis, grace).]
— Eu´cha·ris¹tic or Eu´cha·ris¹ti·cal adjective
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Selected Illustrations from the Concise Columbia Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1991 by Columbia University Press.
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Vulgate: vul·gate (vùl¹gât´, -gît) noun
1. The common speech of a people; the vernacular.
2. A widely accepted text or version of a work.
3. VulgateAbbr. Vulg., Vul.. The Latin edition or translation of the Bible made by Saint Jerome at the end of the fourth century A.D., now used in a revised form as the Roman Catholic authorized version.

[Medieval Latin Vulgâta, from Late Latin vulgâta (êditio), popular (edition), from Latin, feminine past participle of vulgâre, to make known to all, from vulgus, the common people.]
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Selected Illustrations from the Concise Columbia Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1991 by Columbia University Press.
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"Apostolic Succession": ap·os·tol·ic (àp´e-stòl¹îk) adjective
1. of, relating to, or contemporary with the 12 Apostles.
2. of or relating to the faith, teaching, or practice of the 12 Apostles.
3. a. of or relating to a succession of spiritual authority from the 12 Apostles, regarded by Anglicans, Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and some others to have been perpetuated by successive ordinations of bishops and to be requisite for valid orders and administration of sacraments. b. Roman Catholic Church. of or relating to the pope as the successor of Saint Peter; papal.
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See of Rome: "Holy See" Roman Catholic Church. 1. The see of the bishop of Rome. 2. The authority, jurisdiction, and governmental functions associated with the papacy. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition is licensed from Houghton Mifflin Company. Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Selected Illustrations from the Concise Columbia Encyclopedia. Copyright © 1991 by Columbia University Press.
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Opprobrious Epithets: op·pro·bri·ous (e-pro¹brê-es) adjective
1. Expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive: opprobrious epithets.
2. Bringing disgrace; shameful or infamous: opprobrious conduct.
— op·pro¹bri·ous·ly adverb
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Ceylon: Sri Lan·ka (srê läng¹ke)
Formerly Cey·lon (sî-lòn¹, sâ-)
An island country in the Indian Ocean off southeast India. Inhabited from ancient times, the island attracted Arab, Portuguese, Dutch, and British traders for its wealth of spices. It became a British colony in 1798 and achieved independence in 1948. Colombo is the capital and the largest city. Population, 14,848,364.
— Sri Lan¹kan adjective & noun
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Denomination: de·nom·i·na·tion (dî-nòm´e-nâ¹shen) noun
Abbr. denom.
1. A large group of religious congregations united under a common faith and name and organized under a single administrative and legal hierarchy.
2. One of a series of kinds, values, or sizes, as in a system of currency or weights: Cash registers have compartments for bills of different denominations. The stamps come in 25¢ and 45¢ denominations.
3. A name or designation, especially for a class or group.
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The Continent: con·ti·nent (kòn¹te-nent) noun
1. Abbr. cont.. One of the principal land masses of the earth, usually regarded as including Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.
2. Continent. The mainland of Europe. Used with the.
[Latin (terra) continêns, continent-, continuous (land), present participle of continêre, to hold together.
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Lollard: Lollardry or Lollardy, medieval English movement for church reform, led by John WYCLIF, whose "poor priests" spread his ideas in the late 14th cent. Opposed to the great wealth of the church, Lollards taught that the clergy should be poor, that believers could interpret the Bible for themselves, that the doctrine of transubstantiation was false, and that clerical and monastic celibacy was unnatural. In the early 15th cent. the movement gained momentum and was put down by statute (1401) and by force (1414). The Lollards then went underground and survived until the 16th cent. Many Lollard ideas were reflected by the HUSSITES.
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Alliterative: al·lit·er·a·tion (e-lît´e-râ¹shen) noun
The repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in "on scrolls of silver snowy sentences" (Hart Crane).
[From AD- + Latin littera, letter.]
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The Virgin: Hail, Mary, prayer to the Virgin Mary, universal among Roman Catholics. Its first lines are from Luke 1.28, 42. The prayer is much used in private and public devotions, e.g., in the rosary. Known in Latin as the Ave Maria, it has many musical settings.
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Mani: Ma·nes (mâ¹nêz) also Ma·ni (mä¹nê)
A.D.216?-276?
Persian prophet and founder of Manichaeism. He professed that the world is a fusion of the equal but opposite forces of good and evil.
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Apostolic Churches: ap·os·tol·ic (àp´e-stòl¹îk) adjective
1. of, relating to, or contemporary with the 12 Apostles.
2. of or relating to the faith, teaching, or practice of the 12 Apostles.
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Frankfurt: Frankfurt or Frankfurt am Main, city (1989 est pop. 625,300), Hesse, central Germany, on the Main R. A port and an industrial center producing chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other manufactures, it is also a world financial center —the German central bank and European Monetary Institute are here—and the site of major international trade fairs. Founded (1st cent. A.D.) by the Romans, it became a royal residence (8th cent.) under CHARLEMAGNE and the coronation place (1562–1792) of the Holy Roman emperors. In the 19th cent. it was the seat of the diet of the GERMAN CONFEDERATION. The city was the original home of the ROTHSCHILD family and the birthplace of GOETHE.
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Ecclesiastical: ec·cle·si·as·ti·cal (î-klê´zê-às¹tî-kel) adjective
Abbr. eccl., eccles.
1. of or relating to a church, especially as an organized institution.
2. Appropriate to a church or to use in a church: ecclesiastical architecture; ecclesiastical robes.
— ec·cle´si·as¹ti·cal·ly adverb
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Legislated: leg·is·late (lèj¹î-slât´) verb
leg·is·lat·ed, leg·is·lat·ing, leg·is·lates verb, intransitive
To create or pass laws.
verb, transitive
To create or bring about by or as if by legislation.
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Controverted: con·tro·vert (kòn¹tre-vûrt´, kòn´tre-vûrt¹) verb, transitive
con·tro·vert·ed, con·tro·vert·ing, con·tro·verts
To raise arguments against; voice opposition to.
[From CONTROVERSY.]
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Latin: Lat·in (làt¹n)
Abbr. Lat., L. noun
1. a. The Indo-European language of the ancient Latins and Romans. Latin, the most important member of the Italic branch of Indo-European, is divided into several historical periods and social dialects and was the most important cultural language of western Europe until the end of the 17th century. b. The Latin language and literature from the end of the third century B.C. to the end of the second century A.D.
2. A member of a Latin people, especially a native or inhabitant of Latin America.
3. A native or resident of ancient Latium.
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Hebrew: He·brew (hê¹br¡) noun
Abbr. Heb., Hebr.
1. A member or descendant of a northern Semitic people, claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.
2. a. The Semitic language of the ancient Hebrews. b. Any of the various later forms of this language, especially the language of the Israelis.
3. Hebrews (used with a sing. verb) Bible.
[Middle English Ebreu, from Old French, from Latin Hebraeus, Hebraic, from Greek Hebraios, from Aramaic 'ibray, from Hebrew 'ibrî.]
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Saxons: Saxons, Germanic people living in S JUTLAND in the 2d cent. In the 3d and 4th cent. they raided the coasts of the North Sea, and by the 5th cent. they had settled in N Gaul. Raiding Saxons began (c.450) to settle in Britain. By the 6th cent. they and the Angles were founding ANGLO-SAXON kingdoms, with WESSEX dominant. Continental or "Old Saxons" in 566 became tributaries of the FRANKS, and were finally conquered (804) by CHARLEMAGNE. The treaty of Verdun (843) included Saxon lands in the area that is modern Germany.
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Turin: Turin (t¢¹rîn), city (1990 pop. 1,002,863), capital of PIEDMONT, NW Italy. An industrial center and transportation hub, it produces motor vehicles, textiles, and machinery. Rome, the Lombards, and the Franks held it, and it became (12th–13th cent.) a free commune. It passed to the house of SAVOY c.1280, and became, in turn, capital of Savoy (after 1562), of the kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), and of the new Italian kingdom (1861–64). It suffered heavy damage in World War II; most of the important buildings that remain date from the 17th–19th cent.
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